Iran

Where is the country of Iran?

The Islamic Republic of Iran, simply known as Iran, is a country in the Middle East, southwest of Asia. Before 1935, the name of the country was Persia. Iran is bordered by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan to the north, Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east, and Turkey and Iraq to the west. It also borders the Caspian Sea to the north. The Persian Gulf (in Iran) is a shallow belt of the Indian Ocean located between the Arabian Peninsula and southwestern Iran.

The orthodox religious belief is the sect of the Twelve Patriarchs (imam) of the Jafari sect, within the Shi'a sect of Islam. According to the 1986 census, 98.5% of the population is Muslim (of which about 8% are Sunni, the rest are Shi'a). Other religions include Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Judaism.

The New Year according to the Persian calendar (Norouz) begins on March 21 of the Gregorian calendar. Friday is the main day of prayer and also the weekend. The main language is Persian. Iran's Persian hand-woven carpets are famous in the world. Iran is the world's fourth-largest oil exporter. Iran is a country that also applies daylight saving in the summer.

Names before Iran

In Achaemenid times the Persians called their country Pārsa, an Old Persian name meaning relative of Cyrus the Great. In Sassanid times, they called it Iran, which means "Land of the Aryans". The Greeks called the country Persis; converted from Latin to Persia, a name widely used in the West.

In modern times, there has been controversy over the origin of the entity's names - Iran and Persia. On March 21, 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi issued a decree requiring foreign delegations to use the term Iran in diplomatic documents. After scholarly objections, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi announced in 1959 that both the names Persia and Iran were valid and interchangeable. The 1979 Revolution led to the establishment of the theocratic state of the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, Persian nouns and Persian adjectives are still used frequently.

Currently, in this country, the Persians make up only about 51% of the population. The noun Iran (European tribe) includes Persians and a few other ethnic groups such as Kurds, Balochs, ... designates about 70% of the population, so it is preferred by many people in the country.

What is the history of Iran?

Early cultures existed in Iran millennia before the oldest civilizations, as recent finds have begun to indicate. near Mesopotamia

Aryans arrived around 3200 BC, establishing the Medes Dynasty, which was succeeded by the Achaemenid Empire in 546 BC. Alexander the Great invaded Persia in 331 BC, ending the Parthia, Sassanid, and Achaemenid dynasties as the largest pre-Islamic Persian Empires.

Iran, after its Muslim conquest, became the Islamic Golden Age's epicenter between the 9th and 11th centuries. Great occurrences occurred in the Middle Ages.

In 1220, Genghis Khan invaded Persia, followed by Timur. The Safavid Dynasty created the first Muslim Shi'a Persian kingdom in 1501. Colonial powers like the Russian and British Empires fought over Persia.

The demand for reform led to the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1905–1911. Reza Shah Pahlavi overthrew the Qajar Court in 1921.

Reza Shah promoted modernization by building industries, railways, and a national school system, yet his autocratic reign angered many Iranians.

From August 25 to September 17, 1941, Britain and the USSR attacked Iran to safeguard its oil resources and supply routes. The Allies compelled the Shah to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Following the nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Mohammed Mossadegh, the elected Prime Minister, tried to persuade the Shah to resign.

The Shah refused, and the PM was dismissed. Having no choice but to fight, the Shah had to employ a plan created by the British/Americans, dubbed "Operation Ajax", to fly to Baghdad and then to Rome, Italy.

Protests erupted across the country. Pro- and anti-monarchy demonstrators fought in the streets, killing 300. The army intervened, pro-Shah tanks fired on the capital, and bombers attacked the PM's residence. On August 19, 1953, Mossadegh surrendered. Mossadegh surrendered on August 19, 1953. Mossadegh was tried and convicted of treason.

The Shah's court was restored, and Britain and the US handed authority to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. He grew more dictatorial in the late 1970s. The Shah's court refused to modernize Iran's industry but persecuted Shia clergy and pro-democracy activists.

In the 1970s, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini captured the Iranian people's hearts. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the Shah's court fled the nation, and Khomeini came to power to establish the Islamic Republic. The new regime sets Islamic norms and gives the clergy unprecedented direct control. The administration slammed the West, particularly the US, for backing the Shah's court.

In 1979, Iranian students arrested US Embassy personnel, causing tense relations with the West. Iranian revolutionaries then backed anti-Western armed forces like Hezbollah in Lebanon. The Iran-Iraq War raged from 1980 until 1988.

The battle between reformists and conservatives continues today and was a major topic in the 2005 Iranian presidential election, which Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won. Tensions between Iran and the US have risen since then, particularly over Iran's nuclear program. Iran believes it has the right to study nuclear energy for peaceful purposes under the NPT it signed.

The Bush Administration has not yet ruled out using nuclear weapons against Iran, which would be the first time since WWII. Monday.

Other Security Council members, notably Russia and China, oppose military action. Notably, Iran was just elected as the UN Disarmament Committee's vice-chair. Iran recently stated it was developing a P2 centrifuge for nuclear weapons development.

Cities

With one of the world's fastest urbanization rates. From 1950 to 2002, the share of urban dwellers rose from 27% to 60%. The UN forecasts that by 2030, Iran's urban population will be 80%. Most migrants reside in Tehran, Isfahan, Ahwaz, and Qom. Tehran, the capital, has 7,160,094 residents (metropolitan area: 14,000,000).

This city's industries include cars, electronics, military weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemical goods. With 2.8 million residents, Mashhad is the second-largest city in Iran. The population of the eight biggest cities (2006):

Culture

Iran has a long history of art, music, architecture, poetry, philosophy, tradition, and ideology.

Persian literature is highly appreciated by Persian and foreign scholars alike. The Persian language has been used for more than 2,500 years and has left a distinct mark on the written language. Iranian poetry is noted worldwide for its beautiful lines and songs featuring poets such as Hafez, Rumi, Omar Khayyam, and Firdowsi.

With 300 international awards in the last twenty-five years, Iranian films continue to be well received around the world. Perhaps the most famous director is Abbas Kiarostami. All media in Iran are controlled directly or indirectly by the state and must be authorized by the Ministry of Islamic Guidance. These include the Internet, which is increasingly becoming the most popular means of access to information and self-expression among young people. Iran has the fourth-largest number of bloggers in the world.

The search for social justice and fairness is an important feature of Iranian culture. Respect for the elderly and hospitality are also integral parts of Iranian etiquette.

The Iranian New Year (Norouz) takes place on March 21, the first day of spring. Norouz was listed by UNESCO on the list of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2004.

Interesting things about Iran

Are Iran and Iraq brothers?

Both countries also have old names, Iran is Persia, and Iraq is Mesopotamia. Ancient empires once ruled the two lands that are now Iran and Iraq. Iran was once ruled by the Medes, Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian empires; and Iraq was invaded by the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian empires.

This is the reason why the ethnicity of the two countries is so different. The majority of Iranians are of Persian ancestry, while Iraqis are primarily of Arab heritage. Therefore, it is completely wrong to say that Iran is a blood brother to Iraq

Open Iran

For several decades before the Islamic revolution of 1979, Iran was ruled by King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Iranians called him Shah). Under the Shah, Iran's economy and education developed very well. Thanks to its oil reserves and strategic location near India, the Soviet Union... The US and Britain see Iran as their main ally in the Middle East - a very different view from now. At that time, men and women were equal and society was extremely open, women could freely wear bikinis to go to the beach without fear of anything.

Cosmetic Surgery

Iran is known as the "capital of nose plastic surgery", surpassing South Korea to lead the world in the number of rhinoplasty surgeries, and the Iranian nose has also become the standard for the world.

Literary influences around the world

Although it is embargoed and the culture is a bit out of line compared to other countries, Iran has many works that have been adapted into movies and are famous all over the world (Aladin, Sinbad, Alibaba ..)

Currency face value

The exchange rate between the rial and the USD is around 120,000 rials/USD in the unofficial market, while the official rate is 42,000 rial/USD sometimes even lower than VND and to solve this problem, the internal exchange rate is lower than VND. These countries have unanimously approved a plan to remove 4 zeros from the face value of local currencies and change the currency unit from rial to toman.

Iran's tallest building

Milad TV Tower 435m high, inaugurated in 2007, is one of the symbols of Tehran (Iran), Milad Tower is part of a complex that includes an international trade center, international conference house, hotel area 5-star and information technology park, the outdoor observatory at an altitude of 315m allows to see the whole of Tehran.

Iran products available on Printerval.com

Printerval.com offers a wide variety of products such as T-shirts, Hoodies, or Tanktops with Iranian motifs. In addition, the products are also very diverse in size, color, and design, suitable for many conditions. The designs printed on the products come from artists around the world, ensuring the diversity of the products.